Relationship between Scripture Memorization and Hippocampal-Amgydalae Volumes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the association between scripture memorization and the volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala, addressing debates around the “bigger is better” hypothesis in brain structure memory research. It specifically explored whether extensive Quran memorization is linked to variations in hippocampal and amygdala volumes among healthy adults.

Methods: Seventy-three neurologically and psychologically healthy adults aged 35–80 years participated. They were grouped into complete Quran memorizers (CMQ; n = 20), partial memorizers (PMQ; n = 35), and non-memorizers (CON; n = 18). High-resolution MRI scans were used to obtain volumetric measurements of the left and right hippocampus and amygdala. Group differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by intracranial volume (ICV) correction to control for individual variability in brain size.

Results: Prior to ICV correction, both left and right hippocampal volumes were significantly larger in the CMQ group compared with the PMQ and CON groups (p < 0.05). However, these differences were no longer statistically significant after adjusting for intracranial volume. No significant differences were observed across groups for amygdala volumes.

Novelty and Contribution: As one of the few studies investigating neuroanatomical correlates of long-term scripture memorization in aging adults, this work provides new insights into how sustained cognitive practices may influence hippocampal structure.

Social and Practical Implication: Findings suggest that lifelong engagement in intensive memorization practices—such as Quran memorization may support hippocampal preservation during aging. These insights underscore the value of culturally relevant cognitive activities in promoting long-term brain health and may inform community-based cognitive wellness programs.